The application and research of robotics has emerged from the industrial field to rapidly expand to other fields. The demand for improved performance in the traditional industrial field and new demands in other fields have greatly promoted the further development of robot theory and technology.
In the industrial sector, the application of industrial robots is no longer limited to simple motion repetition. For the complex operation requirements, the intelligent and group coordination of industrial robots has become the key to solving the problem; for high-speed, high-precision, heavy-load operations, the dynamics, kinematic calibration and force control of industrial robots have yet to be further studied; When the robot and the operator cooperate in the overlapping work space, the new requirements for ensuring the safety of man-machine coordination are put forward for the research of robot structure design, perception and control.
Outside the industrial field, robots have broad application prospects in medical services, field surveys, deep-sea deep-sea exploration, home services, and intelligent transportation. In these fields, robots need to perform different types of tasks in dynamic, unknown, and unstructured complex environments, which puts higher demands on the robot's environmental adaptability, environment perception, autonomous control, and human-computer interaction.
(1) Environmental adaptability:
The robot's working environment can be indoor, outdoor, volcanic, deep sea, space, and even extraterrestrial planets. Its complex ground or terrain, different pressure changes, huge temperature changes, different irradiation, different gravity conditions lead to robots. Institutional design and control methods must be targeted and adaptive. It is of great theoretical value to improve the environmental adaptability of robots by means of biomimetic means to study the robotic mechanisms and control methods that adapt to different environmental conditions, such as flying, running, jumping, crawling, swimming and other different sports capabilities.
(2) Environmental awareness:
In the face of dynamic changes, unknown and complex external environments, the accurate perception of the environment by robots is the basis for decision-making and control. Perceptual information fusion, environmental modeling, environmental understanding, and learning mechanisms are important aspects of environmental perception research.
(3) Autonomous control:
In the face of a dynamic external environment, robots must use built-in algorithms for planning, decision-making, and control based on established operational tasks and environmental perceptions to achieve the ultimate goal. In the absence of human intervention or large delays, human control can ensure that the robot avoids danger and completes its intended tasks.
(4) Human-computer interaction:
Human-computer interaction plays an important role in improving the robot's working ability and meeting the complex task requirements. The three-dimensional modeling of the real-time working environment, the realization of various human-computer interactions such as sound perception, vision, force and touch, and the safety control in human-computer interaction are all important research contents in human-computer interaction. Research on the above issues, through the combination of bionics, neuroscience, brain science, and Internet technology, may accelerate the progress of robotics theory, methods, and technology research. The combination of robot technology and bionics can not only promote the research of high-adaptive robot structure design methods, but also provide strong support for the research of robot perception, control and decision-making methods.
The combination of robotics and neuroscience and brain science will make the application interface between human and robot more convenient. By using neural signals to control intelligent prosthetics, exoskeleton robots or remote teleoperation robot systems, biological cells can be used to enhance the intelligence of robots. Robot research provides new ideas. The combination of robotics and Internet technology enables robots to acquire vast amounts of knowledge through the Internet. Based on cloud computing, smart space and other technologies to assist robots in perception and decision-making, the system performance of robots will be greatly improved.
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