The condition that the transformer can change the voltage is that the primary side applies an alternating potential to generate an alternating magnetic flux, and the alternating magnetic flux will generate an induced potential on the secondary side, and the magnitude of the induced potential is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux.
When the transformer is connected with direct current, the current and direction of the transformer are constant, there is no alternating magnetic flux in the iron core, that is, the magnetic flux is constant, and the flux change rate is zero, so the induced potential is also zero. At this time, all of the DC voltage is applied to the winding having a small resistance, so that the current is very large, causing an approximate short circuit. The alternating current is alternately changed. When the primary winding is connected to the alternating current, the magnetic flux generated in the iron core also changes, so that the secondary coil is larger than the primary, the voltage can be raised; otherwise, the secondary coil is smaller than the primary. It can be depressurized.
Since the magnitude and direction of the direct current do not change with time, the constant direct current is supplied to the primary winding, and the magnetic flux generated in the iron core is also constant, so that the potential cannot be induced in the secondary winding, so that the transformer does not function.
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