Automotive sensor technology and application trends

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Vehicle sensor classification

Automotive sensor development trend

China's automotive sensor development trend

The global sensor market is showing rapid growth. The market report of the information company INTECHNO CONSULTING shows that the global sensor market capacity in 2008 was 50.6 billion US dollars, and the global sensor market is expected to reach more than 60 billion US dollars in 2010. Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific and Canada are the fastest growing regions in the sensor market, while the United States, Germany and Japan remain the largest countries in the sensor market. Worldwide, the fastest growing sensor market is still the automotive market.

“There is no modern car without sensor technology” has become the consensus in the industry, which means that the more advanced the electronic electronics, the higher the degree of automation, the greater the dependence on the sensor. In this regard, industry experts believe that the future of new automotive applications will give birth to new automotive sensors. The biggest feature of the sensor is the continuous introduction of new technologies to develop new functions. The overall development trend of automotive sensor technology in the future is miniaturization, multi-functionality and intelligence.

World automotive sensor development trend

According to the data, there are about dozens of sensors installed on an ordinary family car, and the number of sensors on a luxury car can be as many as 200. According to market research firm Strategy Analytics, sales of automotive sensors will reach $15.8 billion by 2012.

Vehicle sensors are broadly classified into three categories: powertrains, safety management systems, and body comfort system sensors. Among them, the power system sensor market accounts for the largest proportion, reflecting the most advanced technology of automotive sensors. For example, the angular error of the accelerator pedal position sensor must be within 0.4%; the throttle position sensor requires extremely high reliability and must be able to operate from -50 to 150 degrees.

Active power sensors are leading the way in power systems. Cam and crankshaft sensors are key to the powertrain because they are closely related to the car's "heart" engine. Active cam sensors and crankshaft sensors provide more protection for the powertrain and will lead the way in the future. It is estimated that in 2009, 58.2 million active crankshaft sensors will be put into use, while passive sensors will be reduced to 21.5 million.

In the safety management system, the pressure sensor implements side airbag control. Automotive safety management systems are also an area where sensors are widely used. The control of the side airbag of the car has two schemes: an acceleration sensor and a pressure sensor. Authoritative data shows that compared with accelerometers, pressure sensors are nearly three times faster in detecting side impacts than accelerometers, and the probability of malfunction is smaller.

In the body comfort system, the door, gearbox and passive safety make the car smarter. In the door module, the DC motor position sensor is used for the door handle and the window control, and the distributed door module structure is adopted and connected through the LIN bus. By using 2- or 3-axis angle/linear sensors, the gearbox can meet different gearbox position requirements and save costs. The specific sensor selection is determined by the function and design requirements of the car's gearbox. Passive safety devices include the detection of seat load, the monitoring of seat belt opening/closing, the detection of seat position adjustment (guaranteeing the effective protection of the airbag system), etc. The details of these controls are also very demanding for automotive sensors.

Acceleration, vibration, and speed sensors are the three main sensors in automotive motion measurement, and have maintained steady and strong growth momentum. At present, there are more than 30 large companies producing these three sensors in the world, of which the top 5 companies account for 31.3% of the market. For example, Endevco accounted for 13.6%, Wilcoxa Research accounted for 9.1%, Motorola accounted for 4.2%, IMI accounted for 3.0%, and Analog Devices accounted for 1.4%.

The increasingly strict requirements of emission regulations in western developed countries on exhaust emissions have promoted the development and production of oxygen sensors for automobiles. At present, practical automotive oxygen sensors include osmium oxide sensors and titanium dioxide oxygen sensors.

It is worth mentioning that the miniaturized sensor uses micromachining technology to package micron-level sensitive components, signal conditioners, and data processing devices on a single chip. Due to its small size, low price, and easy integration, it can improve the system test accuracy. For example, by integrating the miniature pressure sensor and the miniature temperature sensor, and measuring the pressure and temperature, the pressure measurement can be eliminated by the on-chip operation. Temperature effect. A number of miniature sensors have been available, such as pressure sensors, accelerometers, and silicon accelerometers for collision avoidance.

Embedding a miniature pressure sensor in the car's tires maintains proper inflation and avoids over- or under-inflation, saving fuel by 10%. The versatility allows the sensor to detect two or more characteristic parameters simultaneously.

Smart sensors are equipped with dedicated computers, and their rapid development has raised the safety of cars to an unprecedented level. With the development of microelectronics technology and micromachining technology, sensors are developing towards miniaturization, multi-functionality and intelligence.

Application diagram of sensor in car

China's automotive sensor development technology is very worried

Strategy Analytics predicts that from 2004 to 2009, global automotive sensors will show a growth rate of around 9%.

The Chinese market is a fertile ground for the development of automotive sensors. In recent years, the market for Chinese sensors has continued to grow. According to CCW Research's latest survey data, the annual compound growth rate of China's automotive sensor market sales will exceed 35% from 2007 to 2010. It is estimated that the sales in China in 2009 will be close to 1.05 billion US dollars, with a year-on-year growth rate of 40.5%; China's 2010 market sales are expected to exceed 1.32 billion US dollars, with a year-on-year growth rate of 35.2%.

China has already leapt to the world's second largest auto market. According to data released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, as early as 2007, China's auto production and sales volume has exceeded 8.8 million units, an increase of 22.02% year-on-year, becoming the second only in the United States. Two major automobile consumers.

In 2008, China's automotive sensor market reached US$5.7 billion. It is estimated that China's automotive sensor market will reach 10 billion yuan in 2010 and 15 million units in 2015. The trend in automotive electronics is that ECUs are becoming more concentrated and sensors are growing. China's EFI system application sensors account for more than 70% of the system, ABS (anti-deadlock brake system) sensor cost is about 50 yuan, domestic output is 1 million sets, the output value is 50 million yuan; airbag sensors account for system cost More than 70%, the price of the airbag sensor is about 2,000 yuan, the demand is 1 million sets / year, the output value of the sensor can reach 2 billion yuan.

Industry experts are optimistic about the development prospects of automotive sensors in China. They believe that the increase in the number of cars and the increase in the number of sensors used in each car will determine the capacity of China's automotive sensor market will continue to increase, and the Chinese sensor market is entering a period of vigorous development.

However, compared with the foreign sensor industry, China's automotive sensors have not yet formed an independent industry. Since the 1980s, China's auto industry has introduced foreign advanced technology and its associated sensor production technology, which basically meets the demand for domestic small-volume, low-level models. The sensors that are self-supporting in China's auto industry are just some low-end products. The vehicle sensor is a secondary accessory product for the OEM, and must enter the OEM support in the form of a system. When the Chinese engine electronic control system is imported from abroad, its corresponding supporting sensors are also imported into China.

It can be seen that the overall level of China's automotive sensor industry is relatively low, and many sensors, especially high-level automotive sensors, still rely on imports. The sensor market is dominated by international component giants such as Siemens, Bosch and Honeywell, and the domestic automotive sensor industry is developing slowly.

The industry believes that the production technology and production scale of Chinese sensor companies have not yet reached the high-tech requirements of the automotive industry, and more than 500,000 sets of high-performance automotive sensors are imported each year. Compared with similar foreign products, China's automotive sensor products are different in level for more than 10 years. For example, many crankshaft positions and vehicle speed sensors produced by Chinese companies use electromagnetic or Hall-type sensing methods, which have problems of low accuracy, poor resolution, low signal accuracy, and weak anti-interference. The product has already adopted photoelectricity, which effectively avoids the above drawbacks.

In addition, the trend of miniaturization, multi-functionality, integration and intelligence of automotive sensors puts higher demands on the adoption of new processes and the development of new materials. Magnetic sensors, gas sensors, force sensitive, heat sensitive, optoelectronic, laser and other sensors have emerged. The materials of sensors have also evolved from metals to semiconductors, ceramics, optical fibers and other materials. In these respects, the gap between Chinese companies and foreign-funded enterprises is huge.

At present, the upgrading of automotive technology, domestic and foreign companies have listed automotive sensor technology as a key development of high technology. Miniaturization, intelligent, non-contact measurement and MEAS sensing technology will gradually replace traditional mechanical, strain gauge, sliding potentiometer and other sensing technologies. Automotive sensors will achieve significant safety, energy saving, environmental protection and intelligence. breakthrough. The performance competition of major sensor manufacturers will improve the technical content of automotive sensors, reduce production costs, and promote a new technological revolution to promote the development of the automotive sensor industry.

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