Improve efficiency and reduce costs, the only way to develop motor electronic control
The electronic control of electric motors is a key component of new energy vehicles and one of the most critical issues that restrict the development of new energy vehicles in China. Under the situation that subsidies for new energy vehicles are gradually declining, improving motor efficiency and reducing their cost is China's motor power. The only way to control the development of enterprises.
New energy vehicle motor electronic control market scaleWith the strong support of the policy, China's new energy vehicle market has entered a period of rapid growth. The power motor electronic control market has the same opportunities as the power battery market. This is the main reason why many enterprises have begun to deploy new energy power motors and electronic control fields.
The "13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan" clearly states that by 2020, new energy vehicles will achieve more than 2 million production and sales in the same year, with cumulative production and sales exceeding 5 million.
In 2015, China's new energy vehicle motor output was about 410,000 units. It is estimated that by 2020, China's new energy vehicle motor output will reach 2.4 million units. The new energy vehicle motor electronic control market has huge growth potential and broad prospects.
The driving motors of new energy vehicles mainly include three types: permanent magnet synchronous, alternating current asynchronous and switched magnetic resistance. Due to their different characteristics, each has its own application.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor has small volume, light weight, high power density, high reliability, high speed regulation precision and fast response speed; but the maximum power is low and the cost is high. Because the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the highest power density, its working efficiency is up to 97%, which can output the maximum power and acceleration for the vehicle. Therefore, it is mainly used in the new energy passenger car with the highest energy-volume ratio.
AC asynchronous motors are low in price and reliable in operation; however, their low power density, complex control, and small speed range are inherent limitations. The price advantage makes it more widely used in new energy buses.
The price of the switched reluctance motor is low, the circuit is simple and reliable, and the speed regulation range is wide; but the vibration and noise are large, the control system is complicated, and a large pulse current is generated for the DC power supply. For large passenger cars.
Among them, Japan and South Korea vehicles currently use permanent magnet motors, the speed range and efficiency are relatively high, but the use of expensive system permanent magnet material NdFeB is required; European and American cars use AC induction motors, mainly for rare earths. The lack of resources and the reduction of motor cost are mainly due to the small speed range and low efficiency, which requires higher performance governors to match performance.
1. An electric vehicle manufacturer with motor electronic control supply chain supplies all or part of its motor electronic control products to its own production capacity or related supply chain enterprises. Some of the motor vehicle's electronic control products are also exported. Such enterprises are generally traditional automobile manufacturing enterprises. After years of accumulation, they have complete parts and components production capacity. At present, among the domestic OEMs, BYD, Beiqi New Energy, Jiangling New Energy, Changan New Energy, Zhongtong Bus, Xiamen Jinlong and other enterprises all have the ability to independently supply motor electronic control products.
2. Companies specializing in the supply of auto parts or specialized in the supply of electric motor control products, including professional auto parts suppliers such as ZF, ConTInental, Bosch, Hitachi International auto supply giants such as Hyundai Mobis; and emerging professional electric motor control companies at home and abroad, such as Shanghai Electric Drive, Shanghai Dajun, Jingjin Electric, and Taiwan Futian Electric (Fukuta).
In addition, some traditional industrial motors, inverters and other production companies also rely on technology accumulation in research and development, production, and actively transform the supply of electronic control products related to new energy vehicles, such as Huichuan Technology, Yingweiteng, Wolong Electric, Founder Motor, Jiangte Motor and so on.
Challenges faced by motor electronic control manufacturers
New energy vehicle drive motors face safety, efficiency and cost challenges. These factors determine the future development and competitiveness of new energy vehicles.
New energy vehicle drive motors are only a small part of the motor industry. Although the overall size of China's new energy vehicle market is still small, it is more demanding than the traditional motor industry; especially for the drive motor of new energy vehicles, in terms of weight, space and output power demand ratio, it is desirable to drive the motor at a weight of 0.6 kg. Under the ability to output 1 kW, its performance requirements far exceed the requirements of traditional motors.
Drive motor as a new energy vehicle to replace the role of a traditional car engine, but also due to the space and price constraints of the vehicle, in order to achieve high efficiency, high comfort, high reliability, low noise, high speed, high power density, must use forced water cooling Structure and other technologies, but must reduce costs, so the threshold for entering the new energy vehicle drive motor is higher.
Main motor bottleneck
1. The comprehensive performance of motor power density, efficiency and life needs to be further improved.
2. There is still a gap between product consistency, reliability, and automotive industry requirements; many companies produce good samples, but as soon as they enter mass production, quality will vary and they will not achieve the same performance. Moreover, the product is certified to the TS16949 quality system standard that meets the vehicle quality requirements.
3. The cost is too high. This is mainly in addition to requiring companies to improve their technical standards and must also increase their productivity. Only when a certain output is reached can the cost price of the motor be truly reduced.
Moreover, the operating conditions of new energy vehicle motors and electronic control systems are relatively complicated: they need to be able to start and stop frequently, accelerate and decelerate, require high torque at low speed/climbing, require low torque at high speed, and have a large shift range; The car also needs to handle special functions such as motor start, motor power generation, and brake energy feedback.
In addition, the energy consumption of the motor directly determines the cruising range under fixed battery capacity. Therefore, the electric vehicle drive system has special requirements in terms of load requirements, technical performance and working environment: First, the drive motor must have higher energy density, achieve light weight, low cost, adapt to limited interior space, and have Energy feedback capability reduces vehicle energy consumption. Second, the drive motor has both high speed and low speed and high torque to provide high starting speed, gradeability and high speed acceleration. Third, the electronic control system must have high control. Accuracy, high dynamic response rate, and high security and reliability.
As an important part of the new energy automobile industry chain, the motor electronic control system directly affects the performance and cost of the vehicle. At present, the degree of autonomy in the field of electrical machinery and electronic control is still far behind that of batteries. Some electronic components of electronic control, such as IGBT chips, still do not have complete independent production capacity, and complete vehicle enterprises and parts enterprises with complete system intellectual property rights. Still a minority.
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