EMC basic concepts and operating models
First, the basic concept of EMC
EMC is a specialized company that operates on the basis of a “contract energy management†mechanism and is directly profitable. EMC signed an energy-saving service contract with customers who are willing to carry out energy-saving renovation, providing customers with comprehensive services such as energy efficiency audit, energy-saving project design, raw material and equipment procurement, construction, training, operation and maintenance, energy-saving monitoring, etc. Share the energy-saving benefits generated after the implementation of the project to profit and roll development.
EMC is a specialized energy-saving service company with comprehensive advantages in professional technical services, system management, and fund raising when implementing energy-saving projects;
EMC's professional management can not only effectively reduce project costs, but also grow and expand by sharing the energy-saving benefits generated by the implementation of energy-saving projects, and attract other energy-saving institutions and investors to form more EMC, so that The whole society implements more energy-saving projects.
The development of EMC will promote and promote the industrialization of energy conservation.
Second, EMC's business approach
EMC is a special industry. Its speciality is that it sells not only products or technologies, but more importantly, EMC provides customers with comprehensive energy-saving services, that is, implementing energy-saving projects for customers. The essence is EMC for customers. Achieve energy savings. EMC generally provides comprehensive energy-saving services to customers through the following steps:
Energy audit
EMC evaluates various energy saving measures for the specific situation of customers. Determine the current energy use of the company, propose the potential for energy conservation, and predict the energy savings of various alternative energy conservation measures.
2. Energy-saving renovation plan design
Based on the results of the energy audit, EMC proposes to customers' energy systems how to use proven technology to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy costs. Overall solutions and recommendations (this approach is different from the replacement of individual equipment or the promotion of energy-efficient products and technologies) If the customer is interested in accepting the solutions and recommendations from EMC, EMC will design the project for the customer.
3. Negotiation and signing of energy management contracts
Based on the design of the energy audit and retrofit program, EMC negotiated with customers on energy service contracts. Under normal circumstances, because EMC bears most of the risks for the project, EMC shares most of the project benefits during the contract period (usually about three years), and a small part of the benefits are left to the customer; when the contract period ends, all benefits are owned by the customer. Therefore, “contract energy management†is a mechanism that benefits both EMC and customers – a win-win mechanism. In some cases, if the customer does not agree to an energy management contract, EMC will charge the customer for energy audit and project design costs.
4. Raw materials and equipment procurement
EMC is responsible for the procurement of raw materials and equipment according to the project design, and its expenses are paid by EMC.
5. Construction
According to the contract, the construction of the project is the responsibility of EMC, usually by EMC or commissioned by other construction agencies. In the contract, the customer is required to provide the necessary conditions and convenience for the construction of EMC.
6. Operation, maintenance and maintenance
After completing the installation and commissioning of the equipment, it will enter the trial operation phase. EMC trains equipment operators for customers, is responsible for maintenance and maintenance during the trial period, and bears the relevant costs.
7. Energy saving and efficiency guarantee
EMC and the customer jointly monitor and confirm the energy-saving effect of the energy-saving project during the contract period to confirm the energy-saving guarantee of the project provided by EMC in the contract.
8. EMC shares energy savings with customers
Since all inputs to the project (including energy audits, design, procurement of raw materials and equipment, civil works, installation and commissioning of equipment, training and system maintenance operations, etc.) are provided by EMC, during the contract period of the project, EMC Ownership of the entire project. The customer pays the project fee to EMC on a quarterly or yearly basis in the form of energy efficiency sharing. After all the fees stipulated in the contract have been paid, EMC hands over the project to the customer, who owns the ownership of the project.
EMC's above-mentioned business model is called "contract energy management", and the above contractual relationship with customers is called "energy management contract." From the way of EMC's operation, it can be seen that: EMC is a commercial company, for the purpose of profit, the means of profit is to implement energy-saving projects with the "contract energy management" mechanism; EMC is not a general promotion of products, equipment or Technology, but selling an energy-saving project. Because EMC promises and guarantees energy savings to its customers, EMC is actually risking energy-saving projects for its customers. The key to the success or failure of EMC's implementation of energy-saving projects lies in the analysis and management of project risks.
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Overview of EMC's operation mode in China
At present, the internationally popular contract energy management includes three forms: one is energy-saving benefit sharing type, that is, the energy-saving company provides funds and the whole process service, implements energy-saving projects with the cooperation of customers, and shares energy-saving with customers according to the agreed ratio during the contract period. income. The second is the energy-saving guarantee type, that is, the customer provides funds for energy-saving projects in phases and cooperates with the project implementation; the energy-saving company provides full-process services and guarantees the energy-saving effect of the project. According to the contract, the customer pays the service fee to the energy-saving company. The third is the energy cost custody type, that is, the customer entrusts the energy-saving company to carry out energy-saving renovation and operation management of the energy system, and pays the energy custody fee according to the contract; the energy-saving company reduces the energy cost by improving energy efficiency, and has all or part of the savings according to the contract. Energy costs.
At present, energy-saving benefit-sharing projects are still in the mainstream, energy-saving guarantee projects are growing rapidly, and energy-cost custody-type projects are emerging. In terms of distribution, energy-saving benefit-sharing projects are mainly distributed in the construction sector; energy-saving guarantee projects are mainly concentrated in the industrial sector; energy-cost custody projects mainly appear in hospitals, hotels, restaurants and commercial stores of a certain scale. In terms of time, the sharing period of energy-saving benefit-sharing projects has a tendency to extend, with an average of more than 4.5 years and a maximum of more than 10 years; the custody period of energy-cost custody-type projects is generally longer, with an average of more than 10 years and a maximum of 15 years. . With the continuous maturity of the operation and management of domestic contract energy management companies, the combination of energy-saving benefit sharing and energy saving guarantee, energy-saving benefit sharing and energy cost custody, and the combination of leasing business and contract energy management have begun. Business model.
These three models are all the transformation of the original energy system of the enterprise, and domestic enterprises also have many challenges in the actual implementation. The energy-saving benefit sharing type is relatively constrained by the company's integrity, economic benefits, enterprise output changes, energy price changes, etc., and the risks are relatively high. The energy cost custody type is not suitable for China's national conditions. Energy is the lifeblood of industrial enterprises. The use of energy cost custody is the same as handing over the lifeblood to others. Enterprises may feel unreliable.
A professional contract energy management company should have three indispensable conditions: technical capability, financing capability and management capability, all of which are indispensable; in addition, there must be two standards: the company's business is basically based on energy-saving services. The results of the energy-saving projects made are more effective than investments.
Sensors can be classified into various types based on their functionality and application. Some common sensor classifications include:
1. Temperature Sensors: These sensors measure and monitor temperature changes in the environment or in a specific object. They are commonly used in weather stations, HVAC systems, and industrial processes.
2. Pressure Sensors: Pressure sensors are designed to detect and measure changes in pressure. They are used in applications such as automotive systems, medical devices, and industrial machinery.
3. Proximity Sensors: Proximity sensors detect the presence or absence of an object within a specified range. They are commonly used in automation, robotics, and security systems.
4. Motion Sensors: These sensors detect movement or changes in position. They are widely used in alarm systems, gaming consoles, and automatic doors.
5. Light Sensors: Light sensors measure the intensity or presence of light. They are used in applications such as automatic lighting systems, photography, and solar panels.
6. Humidity Sensors: Humidity sensors measure and monitor the moisture content in the air or in a specific environment. They are commonly used in weather monitoring, HVAC systems, and industrial processes.
7. Gas Sensors: Gas sensors detect and measure the presence of specific gases in the environment. They are used in applications such as air quality monitoring, gas leak detection, and industrial safety.
8. Accelerometers: Accelerometers measure acceleration or changes in velocity. They are widely used in motion detection, navigation systems, and electronic devices like smartphones and gaming controllers.
9. pH Sensors: pH sensors measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. They are commonly used in water quality monitoring, chemical analysis, and agriculture.
10. Force Sensors: Force sensors measure and detect the force or pressure applied to them. They are used in applications such as weighing scales, robotics, and industrial automation.
These are just a few examples of sensor classifications, and there are many more specialized sensors available for specific applications.
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Zhejiang Kaimin Electric Co., Ltd. , https://www.ckmineinverter.com