Method for establishing mathematical model of solar photovoltaic power generation system based on computer simulation technology
As environmental pollution and energy crises continue to intensify, solar power generation has received increasing attention from various countries. This paper uses computer simulation technology to simulate the solar photovoltaic power generation system, and proposes a method for establishing the mathematical model of the solar photovoltaic power generation system.
1.1 Explanation of the definition of solar photovoltaic power generation
Solar photovoltaic power generation refers to a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy.
The key element of this technology is the solar cell. After the solar cells are connected in series, they can be packaged and protected to form a large-area solar cell module, and then combined with power controllers and other components to form a photovoltaic power generation system. Solar energy is a green, pollution-free and clean energy that solves the problem of air pollutant emissions from thermal power generation.
1.2 The development of solar photovoltaic power generation
As early as the 1840s, there was a way to use solar energy to generate electricity. Photovoltaic cells also appeared in the 1950s, and solar power generation technology was widely promoted in the 1970s. In Japan, the United States and other developed countries, solar power generation technology has been applied and promoted and further developed with the support of policies of various countries. At present, China also attaches great importance to the field of new energy, especially the related industries of solar photovoltaic power generation have reached the international advanced level.
1.3 Characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation
Solar energy is a renewable resource. From a geographical point of view, solar energy has the characteristics of wide coverage and huge energy, which is equivalent to the capacity produced by the combustion of 1.3 million tons of coal. Moreover, the sun is currently in a period of vigorous activity, and the solar radiation time can last for one billion years according to research. In addition, the use of solar energy is simple, no mining is required, and it can be obtained by directly collecting radiation. Solar energy will not produce excess pollution in the production process, and it is a green and environmentally friendly new energy source. At the same time, solar energy is safe and gentle, and will not cause industrial accidents. According to the research of China's geographical situation, the central and western regions receive a large amount of sunlight, and solar energy can be used to develop photovoltaic power generation industry.
2. Computer simulation technology and solar photovoltaic power generation2.1 Computer simulation technology
Computer simulation is a technique often used in scientific research, especially in the scientific experiment link, the use of computer simulation is very effective. The so-called computer simulation is to use a computer to imitate real things, use a model to simulate a real system, conduct experiments on the internal structure, external influences, functions, behaviors, etc. of the system, and make the system achieve excellent performance through experiments, so as to obtain good performance. Economic and social benefits.
Research on computer simulation began in the 1960s. Early research was mainly used in the fields of national defense and military (such as aerospace, weapon development, nuclear testing, etc.), as well as automatic control. With the popularization of computer applications, the scope of application is also expanding, and now it has spread to all fields of natural science and social science.
2.2 Computer simulation technology and solar photovoltaic power generation
Using computer simulation technology to mathematically model the various factors that affect solar photovoltaic power generation, you can obtain real-time solar radiation intensity and cumulative radiation, the best voltage corresponding to any characteristic curve, the best current, and the maximum that the system can obtain The output power, the power generation efficiency of the system at any time and the cumulative power generation efficiency throughout the day.
From the above data, we can get the real-time solar radiation intensity trend graph and the all-day radiation intensity curve, the IU and PU characteristic curve corresponding to any radiation intensity, the power generation trend graph of the photovoltaic cell, the all-day power generation curve, and the best voltage throughout the day. And the best current curve; power generation efficiency trend graph and all-day power generation efficiency change curve. After modeling, the solar photovoltaic power generation system can be evaluated and optimized.
3. Modeling of solar photovoltaic power generation system3.1 Establishment of mathematical model of solar photovoltaic power generation system
The utilization of solar radiation is interfered by a variety of external factors, including the nature of the atmosphere, the degree of transparency of the atmosphere, the angle of incidence of the sun, the reflectivity of the soil and the dimension of solar radiation, etc., from the perspective of the influence of various external factors on the mathematical function relationship. Considering that when building related mathematical models, multiple factors should be integrated to establish function expressions to ensure that the mathematical model of computer simulation of solar photovoltaic power generation systems is relatively scientific and reasonable, and the subsequent calculation process can be carried out.
The solar energy radiated to the surface of the earth is divided into two parts, one part is the direct radiation intensity directly received by the earth, and the other part is the scattered intensity of the scattering amplitude. Considering the external interference factors that affect the radiation and the types of solar radiation, the mathematical model of computer simulation of solar photovoltaic power generation can be established. Mainly use LabVIEW software to analyze the mathematical model.
Here is the reference mathematical formula:
Ipd=Ipb+Ihd(1+cosβ)/2+(Ihb+Ihd)p (1+cosβ)
Among them, Ihd represents the intensity of the scattering of solar energy on the horizontal plane, Ipb is the energy directly radiated by the solar energy on the inclined slope, and β is the angle between the sun and the radiation plane.
Through the establishment of mathematical models, the research of solar photovoltaic power generation has a functional expression, which simplifies and visualizes the research process, and provides a program basis for computer simulation of solar photovoltaic power generation. The establishment of a correct and accurate mathematical model is a prerequisite for starting computer simulation experiments, which can effectively help researchers to analyze the research content more intuitively and in detail.
3.2 Mathematical model of photovoltaic panels
There are generally three types of equivalent circuit models for photovoltaic cells. The first type is a simple model that does not consider any internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell. This model is widely used in the theoretical research of photovoltaic cells and complex photovoltaic power generation systems; the second model is a model that only considers the impact of the parallel resistance of photovoltaic cells. The accuracy of the model is Slightly higher, but not common in practical applications; the third model is a more accurate model, which considers both the parallel resistance and the influence of the series resistance.
3.3 Establishment of mathematical model of other related factors
Solar panels are an important element required in the research process. Therefore, the characteristics of solar panels for research should be combined to establish a mathematical model of the power of solar panels to make the research process more scientific.
At the same time, the mathematical model of the battery and the functional expression of the DC-AC inverter should be established. Establish the relevant mathematical model and combine it with the previously established mathematical model of photovoltaic cells and the mathematical model of solar radiation to obtain a more coordinated mathematical model and enter it into the computer to establish a corresponding computer simulation of solar photovoltaic power generation The function library is integrated and compiled by relevant technical personnel to carry out computer simulation of solar photovoltaic power generation research.
3.4 Simulate solar photovoltaic power generation system
Multiple solar photovoltaic panels are assembled together to form a solar panel assembly, which can increase the solar radiation receiving area and obtain more solar radiant energy. The received solar energy will be converted into electrical energy through energy, generate DC power and flow through the junction box to reach the controller, and the other part will flow into the DC-AC inverter and be converted into AC power under its action. After a certain step-up and step-down process, the generated alternating current is provided to the power consumer for use. The excess current will be stored in the battery for the next use.
3.5 Conclusion of computer simulation of solar photovoltaic power generation
Through the mathematical modeling of the solar photovoltaic power generation system and the LabVIEW software platform, the power generation process of the real solar photovoltaic power generation system can be dynamically simulated, and the relationship between the output characteristics of the solar cell and the change of the solar radiation intensity can be intuitively understood. As the radiation intensity increases, the IU and P-U characteristic curves move up, and the current is greatly affected by the light intensity, while the voltage is less affected. The maximum power tracking model of the solar photovoltaic power generation system is established, so that the optimal voltage Um and the optimal current Im of the system can be determined under any solar radiation intensity to achieve the purpose of maximum output power.
4. ConclusionAs the country pays more and more attention to the development of new energy, solar photovoltaic power generation has become a new energy power generation force second only to wind power generation, and solar power generation is suitable for promotion and application. The use of computer software to simulate and analyze the solar photovoltaic power generation system is of great significance to the design and optimization of the solar photovoltaic power generation system. It enables us to have a full understanding of the system, make reasonable judgments, choose the best plan, and obtain the greatest economic benefits at the least cost.
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