Chiral nanoparticles for 3D display and real-time holography technology from concept to reality
For the first time in 1977, Star Wars brought holographic imaging technology to the screen, and the unprecedented visual feast shocked the world. However, why have such cool holographic technologies or related optical devices not been able to enter our daily lives for so many years? This is because the technique is achieved by changing the propagation path of the light by a magnetic field, but the enabling material is very expensive, brittle, and poorly transmissive, and some materials can only work in a low temperature vacuum environment.
According to the James Consulting, researchers from the University of Michigan and the Federal University of San Carlos in Brazil have developed a low-cost nanoparticle that is suspended in a colloid and can work normally at room temperature. Cost replaces traditional materials. This new type of nanoparticle makes it possible to modulate light using magnetic fields, and its potential applications include autonomous vehicles, space communications, and optical wireless networks. At present, expensive rare earth metals such as lanthanum, cerium and lanthanum have been applied to control the propagation path, velocity and light intensity of light or optical signals using a magnetic field. These precious metals have gained commercial applications in high-speed fiber optic Internet cables. However, the high cost and operating temperature requirements of these elements make it difficult to achieve large-scale applications. A cost-effective solution for polarized light field control at room temperature, or 3D display, holographic projection and a new generation of LiDAR (Lidar) that are widely used in the mass market. LiDAR is one of the main technologies that bring "eyes" to autonomous vehicles. “Many companies and laboratories have used magneto-optical technology to develop exciting prototypes,†said Nicholas Kotov, professor of chemical engineering at the University of Michigan. “However, their technology is currently limited by the magnet optics required. Basic rare earth material. It's like playing Rubik's Cube, while it's done, but the other side is messy."
The research results of this project have been published in Science, and the researchers detailed how they use low-cost cobalt oxide (a white magnetic semiconductor material) nanoparticles to control polarized light through a magnetic field. The researchers found that the key to this technology is to apply amino acids to these nanoparticles to obtain a left-handed or right-handed chirality, thereby achieving the "twisting" of the nanoparticles themselves.
Chirality is widely found in nature and represents an important symmetry in many disciplines. If an object is different from its mirror image, it is called "chiral" and its image cannot be combined with the original, just as the left and right hands are mirror images of each other and cannot be overlapped. The chiral molecule has optical activity, so that the vibrating surface of the polarized light rotates the chirality of the nanoparticle to make it highly sensitive to the magnetic field, and also enhances the interaction with polarized light or "circular positive light". The researchers showed that the nanoparticles were suspended in a transparent, elastic room-temperature gel, and by applying a magnetic field to them, the intensity of the circularly polarized light could be changed.
"This technology will pave the way for the widespread use of magneto-optical devices, which will enable emerging 3D displays and real-time holography using circularly polarized light to move from exciting concepts to reality," also known as Kotow, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. Not only that, but the tiny size of this nanoparticle makes it useful for computational engineering applications as well as large-scale fabrication of magneto-optical composites.
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