Microphones are a very personal item for musicians, and there are often many factors to consider when choosing. There are no theorems such as "some kind of microphone is the best" in a wide variety of microphones. Each type of microphone has its own unique properties and uses, resulting in a different sound texture. Let's take a look at the common 7 microphones.
The meaning of the dynamic coil "dynamic coil" is that the wire coil closely connected to the diaphragm continuously moves in the magnetic field according to the change of the sound pressure, thereby generating a current that changes in proportion to the amplitude of the sound wave, so that the acoustic signal is converted into electricity. signal.
The coil of the dynamic microphone cuts the magnetic field to directly generate current, so the dynamic coil does not need to supply power. The upper hand of the dynamic microphone is its simplicity and solidity. The disadvantage is that the diaphragm is less responsive to rapidly changing sound waves than other types of microphones because it is "trapped" by the wire coils.
It is difficult for the dynamic microphone to pick up the energetic high-frequency department of the wiper, but when picking up the bottom drum or snare drum sound, the dynamic microphone can have a satisfying performance. Dynamic microphones are also often used to record the sound of electric guitar speakers.
Dynamic microphones are often used for vocal recordings, which is largely a "traditional custom." Because the previous condenser microphone was thick and fragile. However, despite the abundance of condenser microphones designed for live vocals, their more expensive and uniform price often makes people more inclined to choose dynamic microphones that can also do their job well.
The small diaphragm condenser microphone condenser microphone is designed based on the principle of electrostatics. The diaphragm and the back plate form a capacitor unit. The vibration of the diaphragm changes with the vibration of the diaphragm and the potential difference between the diaphragm and the back panel, thereby converting the acoustic signal into an electrical signal. Capacitive microphones typically have an amplifier built in, since the output of the capacitor unit is very weak. Condenser microphones require an external 48 V phantom power supply or battery.
The significance of choosing a small diaphragm condenser microphone is that small diaphragms with a diameter of around 12 mm are often sensitive to the vibration length of the sound waves. The larger the diaphragm is made, the less sensitive it is to the sound of the microphone, and the sound produced by resonance is more pronounced.
If you want an extremely accurate radio, a small diaphragm condenser microphone is the best choice. It is important to note that a more precise sound is not necessarily a more satisfying sound, and sometimes a precise sound does not sound so energetic and sturdy. However, if you want to completely record the sound of the natural world, a small diaphragm condenser microphone should be your choice.
Large diaphragm condenser microphones Previously, microphone manufacturers could not make the diaphragm as exquisite as it is now. All condenser microphones at that time should be called "large diaphragm condenser microphones". Of course, there is no dividing line to define what is "large diaphragm" and what is "small diaphragm". As mentioned above, a size of about 12 mm can be called a "small diaphragm", and a size of 24 mm or more can be regarded as a "large diaphragm." When buying a microphone, we will find that some of the microphones that look great are surprisingly small, so the size of the diaphragm is a microphone parameter that we need to pay special attention to.
The beauty of the large diaphragm condenser microphone is that it gives you the kind of sound that the studio especially admires - not the most natural sound, but the sound is thick and warm, and it feels very pleasant no matter what sound is recorded.
The disadvantage is that the higher the frequency of the sound, the more directional the large diaphragm condenser microphone is. If you are listening to the microphone, this is not a problem, but if you use two microphones for stereo reception, the sound from the side may not be effective.
The design and manufacture of such microphones as vacuum tube microphones dates back to the early days of condenser microphones. At that time, because the transistor has not been widely used, the built-in amplifier of the condenser microphone is a vacuum tube. Although some vacuum tube microphones used to be equipped with small diaphragms, the vacuum tube microphones we have seen today are mostly large diaphragms.
The advantage of the vacuum tube microphone is that the vacuum tube amplifier easily produces a very pleasant and quiet distortion effect, that is, "warm sound." For vocals, this warm distortion is often used as a panacea.
Unlike other types of microphones, vacuum tube microphones have become very popular because of the age of vacuum tubes, and prices are often high.
The aluminum ribbon microphone is a special dynamic microphone. The coil of the conventional dynamic microphone is closely coupled with the coil of the wire, and the aluminum ribbon microphone is formed by combining the diaphragm and the coil of the wire to form an aluminum strip (or metal strip). Because the aluminum strip is very thin and light, the aluminum strip microphone is more sensitive to sound waves than the condenser microphone, but the sound of the aluminum strip microphone is relatively dark.
The aluminum-band microphone records a clear but slightly dull sound. This makes them often used artistically in the studio.
Aluminium microphones are generally fragile and fragile to some brands. The imitation of some brands will remind the user to take a slower walk while holding the aluminum tape microphone to prevent the air from passing through the microphone too fast and causing the aluminum belt to be misaligned.
Like the dynamic microphone, the aluminum ribbon microphone does not require external power supply (except for some built-in amplifiers). However, the output of the aluminum ribbon microphone is generally small, so it works better with the preamplifier.
The electret microphone electret microphone is a special condenser microphone. We already know that the principle of a condenser microphone is that the amount of charge on the capacitor changes, thereby generating an electrical signal across the capacitor to achieve an acoustic-electrical signal conversion.
An electret material is a material that retains these charges permanently after the charge is applied. Using this principle, the electret material on the diaphragm or backplane provides the constant voltage required for the capacitor unit, eliminating the need for a microphone supply. However, the operation of the built-in amplifier of the microphone still needs to be powered by battery or phantom. It should be noted that the electret microphone of the battery is compared with the phantom power supply, the sensitivity is poor, and the processing capability for the maximum sound pressure is weak.
Due to its low cost and miniaturization, electret microphones are widely used in handheld devices. The electret microphone with integrated FET preamplifier provides high performance. There are also many electret microphones in the world's most accurate microphones.
Piezoelectric Microphones Piezoelectric microphones are also called crystal microphones. The principle is to use the piezoelectric effect of some materials, that is, the deformation of the material caused by sound to produce a voltage change.
Piezoelectric microphones are now mainly in the form of contact microphones, a typical example being a guitar pickup. Piezoelectric microphones pick up the physical vibration of the source directly, rather than the sound waves in the air. The advantage is to isolate the sound of the instrument from other sounds. However, the sound picked up in this way is not particularly true, and the application of the piezoelectric microphone is rather limited.
To summarize, this is the 7 types of microphones that are divided according to the working principle. Being able to understand their basic workings and identify their unique sounds is one of the must-have skills of every music producer.
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